Iris Publishers Civil Engineering Open Access Journals

Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering The growing awareness of threats to the natural environment puts a lot of emphasis on the development of environmentally friendly technologies and expects that economic and civilization development will take place in a sustainable way. In addition to technical tools, strategic concepts are developed with a complex legal, economic and educational character. Their aim is to shape a responsible attitude of societies to the protection of the environment and natural resources. One of such concepts is the near zero waste economy -Circular Economy, which is based on the desire to re-use products, including by-products. This requires not only changing habits, legal norms and appropriate economic tools preferring secondary materials, but above all developing appropriate technologies, because only they can make the secondary one as good as the original one. In the context of these assumptions, the present moment the use of waste materials ...

Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering Multi-objective optimization (MOO) defined as multi objective programing used specially for mathematical optimization problems involving more than one target to minimize or maximize. Multiobjective optimization is applied to find set of solutions as close as possible to the optimal front. In addition, MOO is used in different science field as economic, logistics and engineering. Construction industry is one of the fields that benefit the most from multiobjective optimization, because the optimization is used while designing by optimizing different parameters such as area, material, energy. In the construction management the time, cost, quality and resources can be as an objective function to optimize the total construction activities. Read More... Full Text For More Articles in Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering please click on https://www.irispublishers.com/ctcse For More Open Access Journals in Iris ...

Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering A significant proportion of household sanitation needs for low-income densely-populated settlements of developing countries is met by pit latrines, which must be either emptied or relocated when full. New latrine construction cost and space scarcity suggest that pit latrine emptying (PLE) may be the only practical option for the peri-urban poor. PLE, however, has challenges – it is expensive, not well planned, lack of transportation access to disposal sites, often infeasible use of conventional vacuum truck in overcrowded and inaccessible areas, poorly maintained vacuum tankers, and poor households are often missed out of services. One of the major challenges to efficient PLE is technology. Several credible, past and current, literature and bibliographies were gathered to support the review process. Read More... Full Text For More Articles in Civil & Structural Engineering please click on https://www.irispubli...