Iris Publishers Civil Engineering Open Access Journals

  Introduction Property development business is considered one of the most risky corporate activities due to its cyclicality and volatility [1,2]. It involves numerous risk factors [3-5] such as such as macroeconomic, social, urban-planning, political-legal, regulatory, environmental, and technological framework conditions [6,7]. Yet property developers are either “knowingly taking risks” [8] or making decisions without sufficiently understanding and analyzing risks [9], resulting in committing to projects based on arbitrary or speculative decisions, and ultimately causing project failures and financial losses [10]. This short article reviews the three mainstream feasibility study methods and finds that the feasibility study adopted by the industry may require some further development. Especially, when the site value is determined by the residual value method, in-depth analysis is required to assess and capture the risk level associated with the future planning, construction, sales...

  Abstract Building construction throughout the world faces defects from normal to heavy and destructive like cracks and fractures which cause damages and finally collapse to heavy life losses along with economical and financial. The crack-like structures are found in walls and columns also. For the purpose of study, the international experts have classified the smallest allowable standards of these defects which may not be harmful to buildings and people living there. This research study has been carried out to investigate the main reasons to investigate the causes of cracks in newly completed and used buildings in where some distinct cracks appeared immediately and after some years. Often these cracks seem almost in walls and other structural elements such as columns and beams, with different patterns. The general methods consisting of reconnaissance survey; building inspection and laboratory testing were used to investigate the causes of these detrimental cracks. By the use of a...

  Abstract In this paper reinforced concrete beam column joint is modelled and analyzed using ABAQUS software to compare the simulated results with the experimental study. The joint is the most critical and most important part of the multi-story frames or multi-story buildings when they are subjected to earthquake loading. In this research the joint is analyzed for two different types of non-linear analysis that is non-linear static analysis and a part of non-linear dynamic analysis for the visual comparison with the experimental study. Read More about this article: https://irispublishers.com/ctcse/fulltext/sfrc-modelling-and-non-linear-analysis-of-beam-column-joint-under-cyclic-loading.ID.000671.php Read More about Iris Publishers Google scholar Articles : https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ:hkOj_22Ku90C

  Abstract Radon-222 and its progeny can accumulate in the lower floor premises and harm the people respiratory organs. One of the challenges for the construction industry is to provide indoor radon concentrations that are not much different from its concentrations in the outdoor air. The article proposes an approach to ensuring the buildings radon safety by the passive protective technologies. Its essence is in the determination at the design stage of the required radon protection characteristics of the building underground shell, which performs load-bearing functions and at the same time limits the radon flux from the soil air. Read More about this article: https://irispublishers.com/ctcse/fulltext/the-calculation-of-the-parameters-of-buildings-protection-from-radon.ID.000674.php Read More about Iris Publishers Google scholar Articles : https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation...

  Abstract This paper analyzes and compares the responses of a two-storied steel structure to the 1994 Northridge earthquake in California. Response modal nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis was especially used on the structure with fixed-base and base-isolated systems to show the realistic behavior of the structure. Intuitively, the best choice for the seismic isolation technique is the use of the flexible element, or an isolator, at the structure’s base, which ensures damping. The current research analyzed in depth the application of a base isolator in the structure. In this study, one structure with different support systems was analyzed to investigate the use of base isolation. The research compared the features and performance of a structure with and without base isolation. The steel building was analyzed subjected to earthquake-induced load with and without a base-isolated rubber bearing. The building was modeled by SAP2000 for nonlinear time-history analysis. Ground-moti...

  Abstract A three-dimensional thermodynamic setting for the modelling of elastic-plastic materials is established. The second law of thermodynamics is assumed in the Clausius-Duhem form with the entropy production being given by a constitutive function. An incremental stress strain relation is derived. In essence the free energy is found to describe the elastic behaviour while the hysteretic properties are a joint consequence of the entropy production and the free energy. Read More about this article:  https://irispublishers.com/ctcse/fulltext/thermodynamically-consistent-models-of-elastic-plastic-materials.ID.000672.php Read More about Iris Publishers Google scholar Articles :  https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ:dQ2og3OwTAUC

  Abstract To minimize earthquake-induced damages in structures, one of the most reliable ways to design and construct earthquake-resistant buildings is to utilize reinforced concrete shear walls because they increase the structural resistance to lateral loads and effectively stiffens and strengthens the structure. This is known as the best seismic-resistant design method that ensures the stability of multi-story buildings against lateral forces when subjected to strong earthquakes. This paper investigates the effects of the shear wall location in a typical low-rise building to improve earthquake resistance. The study initially models a five-story reinforced concrete structure without shear walls and then adds shear walls at different locations in the structure. SAP2000 is used to perform dynamic analysis under the 1994 Northridge earthquake, an example of severe seismic excitation. Response modal nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis is utilized to obtain an accurate representat...

  Abstract Pipelines are an economical means of transporting oil and gas. A commonly encountered performance issue with such structures, however, is their susceptibility to buckling under hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure loads. In such a failure scenario, the pipe will suddenly collapse under the action of the loads and can render the transport structure as ineffective. The engineering design of pipes must therefore account for the action and magnitudes of such anticipated service loading, referred to as buckle propagation pressure, in achieving an adequate and sound performance. As for the notion of economy, since buckle propagation pressure is closely related to the pipe wall thickness, it has a direct bearing on overall project costs. In this study, to simulate in situ conditions of subsea pipelines, only uniform hydrostatic pressure was taken into consideration as the source for loading. A finite element method (FEM) model was then used to examine the buckling modes on pip...

  Abstract The case of ill-considered construction of a two-Storey brick building in the zone of geotechnical influence of the operated building which resulted in its emergency condition was considered. Timely accident prevention measures, including reinforcement of the foundation by means of drilled injection EDT piles and safety measures, such as arrangement of prestressed ties from eight rows of high-strength valves enclosing a supporting wall of two rows of drilling injection EDT piles of Ø350 mm, made by electric-discharge technology from the side of the altar, allowed to save the monument of federal architecture from collapse. Keywords:  Strain cracks; Strain rate; Drilling injection pile; Electro-discharge technology; Emergency response commission Read More about this article:   https://irispublishers.com/ctcse/fulltext/experience-of-using-drilling-injection-edt-piles-in-emergency-response-of-a-public-building.ID.000663.php Read More about Iris Publishers Go...

  Abstract This literature review paper presents the latest technologies, designs and technics which has been used to improve the transverse impact resistivity of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST). Moreover, this literature review paper has included past researchers in the field since 1976 up to 2020. Different types of concrete filled steel tube designs and materials subjected to lateral/transverse impact load were discussed, for example, (1) Concrete Filled single skin Steel Tubular - CFST, (2) Concrete Filled Double skin Steel Tubular - CFDST, (3) Concrete Filled Stainless Steel Tubular - CFSST, (4) High Strength Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular - HSCFST, (5) Concrete Filled Steel Tubular - CFST structural elements strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymer - FRP, (6) Reinforced Steel Concrete Filled Steel Tubular - RSCFST, (7) Partially Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular - PCFST structural elements. Besides, the methodologies used by past researchers were argued in terms of geometrica...

  Abstract The construction of facilities in cramped conditions requires a special approach to the need to develop and implement measures to ensure the safe operation of the buildings surrounding the building within the limits of geotechnical influence. Builders often neglect the impact of the new facility technology on the possible negative effects (cracks on facades due to uneven precipitation, heels, etc.) of the buildings in use. The term «minimum price» is still used when part of a building is erected below zero. This approach completely disregards the notion of «technical utility». At the same time the builders go to any tricks to reduce the cost. This «irrational» way of construction may eventually result in a substantial increase in the cost of constructing a zero part of a building and, as a general rule, in a longer construction period (agreement on a new project as a result of substitution of another geotechnical technology, passing of new construction expertise). This a...

  Abstract Concrete structures made with traditional black steel reinforcement are deteriorating at an alarming pace due to corrosion effects. Many research institutes across the globe are spending lots of resources to overcome this problem by replacing steel reinforcement with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars because these bars are corrosion resistant. FRP rebars are a product of composite materials with raw materials made from sized fibers and thermoset polymeric resin. The fibers can be made from various materials and glass fibers have been most dominant in the US market due to historical developments. However, basalt fiber reinforced polymer rebars (BFRP rebars) are now becoming more popular. With a significant increase in demand for such materials, the number of manufacturers increased notably over the past two decades. Because the production of FRP rebars has not been standardized yet, a wide range of products with several different material characteristics and mechanica...

  Abstract The sustainable development goals (SDGs) were agreed by 195 nations on United Nation (UN) climate change conference in Paris 2015. The agreement was about climate actions to reduce the global warming and reinforcing countries strengths in dealing with climate change phenomenon by means of 17 goals. Researchers and engineers can have a significant contribution in successfulness of the Paris agreement. In particular, ground improvement in geotechnical engineering can have an effective role in promoting goal 12 of the UN SDGs to ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern. One of the key targets for this goal is substantially reduction of the waste production by means of recycling and reuse by 2030. Given the increasing trend of the world’s population, as such, the production and consumption rates have an increasing trend which makes achieving this goal so challenging. Some manufacturing industries generate by-products in addition to their end-products that usuall...

 Iris Publishers - Open Access Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Modern and Future Issues facing Civil Engineering and Construction Abstract The world of construction and civil engineering faces many broad issues in today’s climate. These issues affect areas such as road, bridge, rail, ship, general building construction, as well as oil and gas projects, tunnels, dams and wind farms. The civil engineering profession involves a lot of sub- disciplines and deals with the infrastructure and maintenance of built environments. As civil engineers there is a social responsibility to maintain and adapt structures to make life manageable. In this brief article we aim to highlight some of the most pressing issues that are occurring, and we offer some solutions and thoughts. Keywords: Civil engineering; Challenges; Infrastructure; Community; Sustainable; Safety; Management; Pandemic; Covid-19 Introduction There are a lot of pressures on civil engineers these days, and in order to su...

  Iris Publishers - Scholarly Open Access Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research Progress of Effective Stress and Effective Stress Equation The Concept and Significance of the Effective Stress In 1920’s and 1930’s, Terzaghi presented the concepts of effective stress and the effective stress equation based on tests and engineering experience, which were concluded into the principle of effective stress by Jennings in 1961: firstly, effective stress equals total stress minus pore water pressure; secondly, the effective stress controls the strength and deformation of a soil. The principle of effective stress is considered the keystone of soil mechanics. Only with the concept of effective stress can we grasp the strength and deformation nature of a soil, establish the theory of strength and constitutive relationship of a soil, and thereby develop the theoretical system of Soil mechanics. Terzaghi’s principle of effective stress can only be applied to saturated soils. The a...

  Iris Publishers - Peer Review Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Temperature Variation on Concrete Structures- A Case Study Introduction During steaming of wood log a complex stress and strain state appear in the RC basins. The effect of this state on the behavior of the basins is presented (Figure 1) [1]. The basin structure elements were designed by taking into account the classical analysis which is characterized by next actions: permanent loads, the temperature action due to the difference between interior of basins (80-90°C) and the outdoors temperature (20°C), the earth pressure and wood log pressure. The different temperature action between the RC basin walls and the RC foundation was not taken into account (Figure 1). The Deformations due to Temperature Variation It was calculated function of temperature on basin walls by using of well know procedure [2]. The temperature on the basin walls Stress state from differential strain The stress state due to different te...