Iris Publishers Civil Engineering Open Access Journals

  Abstract Various methods of water purification aim to obtain such a purity class that makes it suitable for consumption are presented in the article. It is a review of solutions, ranging from methods known and used for over 100 years, through research and experiments underway, to only a concept. Some of the solutions are so effective that they should also be combined with safe storage of purified water. Flexible tanks are used for this, which significantly improve logistics and provide a supply of water in all places where it is needed. Depending on whether the lack of drinking water results from a sudden change in the situation resulting from a natural or technical disaster, or whether it is a continuous state, e.g., from prolonged drought, a drastic reduction in water quality or its lack due to permanently damaged or non-existent water supply infrastructure, each of the described cases requires the use of different solutions, which will be described in the article based on solu...

  Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) delayed its normal six-year publication cycle of climate assessments after its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) was published in 2013 [1] because there was an explosion of research on climate change that needed to be evaluated. IPCC’s full Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) will be published in 2022. However, in August 2021, IPCC published the portion of AR6 [2] that deals with the physical basis for climate change including sea level rise. IPCC [2] was supported by updated projections of the contributions of Antarctica [3] and Greenland (The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-Exercise 2020) to sea level rise. IPCC [2] has been per reviewed extensively with the first draft receiving comments from 750 reviewers and the second draft from 1279 peer reviewers [4]. IPCC [1] used temperatures that were projected for 2100 based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) that describe different climate-scenario futures. Scenario la...

  Abstract What is the contribution of circular economy in the effort to meet Paris agreement and slow down global warming? How circular is our planet, and which is the circularity gap in order to meet the Paris agreement? What is the role of cities in circular green transformation? This short communication communicates briefly finding of the URGE: Circular Building Cities Network that is financed by the URBACT programme, aiming to promote the role of cities in boosting circularity, specifically in the construction sector. Read More about this article: https://irispublishers.com/ctcse/fulltext/circular-economy-in-the-building-sector-experience-from-the-urge-circular-building-cities-action-planning-network.ID.000689.php Read More about Iris Publishers Google scholar Articles : https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ&cstart=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=LoZ6uCQAAAAJ:-_dYPAW6P2MC

  Abstract Zaha Hadid is distinguished in the field of architecture engineering; she completed many projects with unique architectural design and won many awards for her architectural achievements and engineering designs. She also worked as a visiting professor at a number of prestigious American and European universities such as Harvard, Yale, Ohio State University, and University of Hamburg. These achievements have been accomplished by the tireless efforts of hard work and diligence through many stations and challenges–all of which have played an influential and formative role in the development of her architectural talent and acquired her a world-wide reputation, as she is ranked one of the 100 most influential women in the world. This study presents an overview of Zaha’s architectural design philosophy and concepts, and a consideration of the relationship between architectural form and the supporting structural system. Keywords:  Zaha hadid architectural philosophy; Decons...

  Abstract The problem of increasing the bearing capacity of a foundation is always an urgent one in today’s geotechnical construction. With significant loads transferred to foundations, the use of traditional technologies is not always justified. There is often an urgent need to use non-standard methods of strengthening the foundations. In many cases, the geotechnical situation is aggravated by the presence of weak underlying layers with unstable physical and mechanical characteristics in the engineering-geological sections. When reinforcing such foundations with the help of traditional piles, the latter can receive negative friction, which significantly reduces their bearing capacity on the ground, sometimes reaching zero values. This can lead to additional precipitation of objects being erected and objects already erected in the zone of geotechnical influence. The use of Electric Discharge Technology (EDT) piles in most cases successfully solves many complex geotechnical problem...

  Introduction The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) is by far the largest public client of transport infrastructure in Sweden. In addition to the responsibility of planning, construction, and operation and maintenance of public roads and railways, the STA has also been commissioned by the Swedish government to be responsible for the overarching and long-term planning of the infrastructure sector development, including promoting innovation and productivity development. This broad mission comprises major challenges, not least in the planning and execution of large infrastructure projects where a variety of different actors and technical systems are to be coordinated and deliver a sustainable project result. In this article, we discuss that these challenges require project participants to use their creative ability for both proactive and reactive development work to be able to deliver satisfactory project outcome. Further, we argue that these two types of development work can ei...

 Iris Publishers - Journal of Civil Engineering Evaluation of Flexural Capacity of RC Elements Exposed to Fire When Reinforced concrete flexural members of a structure are exposed to fire they tend to lose their original flexural capacity. It is important to assess the reduction in flexural capacity. This paper presents a simple numerical model for prediction of residual moment capacity of fire damaged RC flexural element after cooling to ambient temperature. The prediction of residual moment capacity of fire damaged RC element has been carried out by assessing the residual properties of fire affected concrete and steel. The proposed prediction model has been arrived at by comparing various constitutive models available in literature for the residual strength of steel rebar and concrete. A total of 9 fire damaged RC beams (tested after cooling) were selected from literature for this study. It is seen that the predicted results were then compared with the experimental results. The p...

  Iris Publishers - Peer Review Journal of Civil Engineering The Revival of Old Hydraulic Turbines for Innovative Hydropower Generation: Water Wheels, Archimedes Screws, Deriaz and Girard Turbines Hydropower is the most developed renewable energy technology. It has evolved over hundreds of years, with the highest growth in the Twentieth century. Some technologies are continuously improving, while others have been forgotten. Four emerging hydropower turbines developed in the past, but forgotten in the last century, are here presented: water wheels, Archimedes screws, Deriaz, and Girard turbines. Their revival is related to the new needs that hydropower must face. The Updraft free-exit-flow turbine, not yet a commercial product, is also described. Read More ... Full Text For More Articles in  Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering  please click on  https://www.irispublishers.com/ctcse For More Open Access Journals in  Iris Publishers  please cli...

  Iris Publishers - Journals of Civil Engineering Assessment of TC-Dominated Extreme Wind in the Scenario of Climate Change for Wind-Resistant Design of Super-Tall Buildings There is a fast development of super-tall buildings during the last decades especially in coastal regions where tropical cyclone (TC) may attack frequently. Owing to their high flexibility, these structures become considerably sensitive to wind, and wind resistant performance has been involved as a critical aspect for the design, construction and maintenance of such civil structures. At TC-prone areas, information of TC wind offers a prerequisite for wind-resistant studies. Previous studies have shown that the greatest uncertainty source for wind-resistant design comes from inaccurate determination of wind information. Therefore, it is of great importance to quantify TC-wind characteristics as accurately as possible. However, wind-related items stipulated in many existing wind load codes/standards are establish...

Iris Publishers -  Open Access Journal of Civil Engineering Development of the Trenchless Installations for Underground Structures in Highway Systems There are many underground structures, such as culverts, tunnels and vehicle undercrossing in transportation systems throughout the world. These structures are used to convey water, wildlife, fish, pedestrians and vehicles. Their roles are just as important as surface structures, such as bridges. Cut-and-cover, immersing and trenchless installations are the three major methods to construct underground structures. For an installation of buried structure, the specific method should be chosen based on the factors such as geotechnical properties in subgrade, environment impact, cost and the degree of disturbance to the highway traffic above it. Currently, it is becoming more popular to use trenchless installations including tunneling methods for new structures and trenchless replacement method for existing structures. Comparing to...

Iris Publishers - Peer Review Journal of Civil Engineering Resilience and Uncertainty in Engineering Decisions The safety, health and welfare of the public hold prominence in engineering. No matter the discipline, the public is the engineer’s ultimate and most important client. Decisions regarding types and levels of environmental and public health protection are usually driven and constrained according to the amount of risk removed or added by an action or policy. Risk assessment documents contain the scientific and technical information that underpins these risk-based decisions. A retrospective risk assessment, such as one imbedded in a root cause analysis, attempts to quantify the amount of risk introduced by a previous action. Conversely, a prospective risk assessment predicts the types and amounts of risk that is being and could be added or prevented by an action. Read More... Full Text   For More Articles in  Current Trends in Civil & Structural ...

Iris Publishers - Open Access Journal of Civil Engineering Cost Effectiveness of Energy Piles in Residential Dwellings in Australia The cost effectiveness of energy piles used as part of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems in residential buildings is presented. Structural piles can be used with a dual purpose of providing support to superstructures and of exchanging thermal energy with the ground, thus minimizing capital cost of GSHP systems associated with drilling. To exemplify the economic potential of energy piles, a case study of a representative residential building is undertaken. Results show that energy pile GSHP systems render annual gains of about $600 to $2900 (US dollars) in comparison with other conventional heating and cooling systems. This paper also briefly demonstrates the reduced available thermal capacity of energy piles, compared to traditional borehole ground heat exchangers, due to their inherent short depth and close spacing between piles. D...

Iris Publishers - Civil Engineering Production Methods of Laminated Al Alloy Composites Al alloy is widely used because of its versatility. Al can alloy with a variety of elements and produce materials with different properties. Efforts have been made to join two kinds of Al alloys together. This combination can take both materials’ advantages and may even have superior property over both starting materials. Researches showed that the combination of certain alloys can help improve the corresponding property, such as mechanical strength and thermal/electrical conductivity. Another practical use is to reduce the overall price while remaining acceptable properties. In this paper, 6 different methods for producing laminated metal composites (LMCs) were briefly reviewed. Read More... Full Text  For More Articles in  Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering  please click on https://www.irispublishers.com/ctcse For More Open Access Journals in...

Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering Effectiveness of Cape Seals on Asphalt Pavements  With the continuous limitations in budgets for pavement preservation and maintenance, Nevada road agencies expressed interest in learning about the performance of cape seal treatments with either a slurry seal or a micro surfacing, and their abilities to extend pavement life at the least cost. Accordingly, this study evaluated the long-term performance of cape seals that have been constructed in Northern Nevada during the past 15 years. Among the six factors that were evaluated (construction, materials, traffic, structure, environment, and pre-PCI), only the pre-PCI value (i.e., PCI value prior to the application of cape seal) had a significant impact on the long-term performance of the cape seals. Micro surfacing cape seals exhibited very consistent long-term performance regardless of the conditions of the existing pavement as expressed by the pre-PCI level. ...