Iris Publishers Civil Engineering Open Access Journals

  Opinion According to WCEC – Brudtland Report 1987 “Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising of the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainability is at the confluence of the three dimensions (Figure 1). Buildings are very important industrial sector of sustainable development. The building industry represent approximately 40% of the total energy consumed. The energy used for heating and/or cooling, during the service life of a building is approximately 80% of the total energy consumed through building life cycle; 7% energy is used with row materials and contribution to energy due to demolition is 3%. According to some studies and to the paper of Y.J.GE and H.F. Xiang (IABSE Symposium Bangkok 2009) the Pyramid of Building Sustainability is presented in the Figure 2 (Figure 2). Read More about this article: https://irispublishers.com/ctcse/fulltext/about-the-sustainability-of-buildings.ID.0006...

  Abstract Increasing the economic profit from reservoir operation in a case study on Blue Nile River in Sudan is the aim of this research short communication. An already developed model that optimizes the coordinated reservoir operation is used to obtain maximum profit from energy generation in a two-reservoir system, i.e., Roseires and Sennar Dam System through the reservoir operation coordinating. An economic crop pattern mix along with two energy generation scenarios in normal year condition are analyzed. Results show that with existing facilities and reservoir operation coordination, 89.5 M$ marginal profit can be obtained, by 280 MW power capacity of Roseires and planned future 50 MW power capacity at Sennar Dam. Model later optimizes the required power capacity and power flow to determine the maximum energy generation in this system. Model shows that in such conditions power capacity of Roseires and Sennar dam can be increased by 528 MW and 568 MW, respectively, to produce 4...

  Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) delayed its normal six-year publication cycle of climate assessments after its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) was published in 2013 [1] because there was an explosion of research on climate change that needed to be evaluated. IPCC’s full Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) will be published in 2022. However, in August 2021, IPCC published the portion of AR6 [2] that deals with the physical basis for climate change including sea level rise. IPCC [2] was supported by updated projections of the contributions of Antarctica [3] and Greenland (The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-Exercise 2020) to sea level rise. IPCC [2] has been per reviewed extensively with the first draft receiving comments from 750 reviewers and the second draft from 1279 peer reviewers [4]. IPCC [1] used temperatures that were projected for 2100 based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) that describe different climate-scenario futures. Scenario la...

  Introduction Safety Engineering mitigates normal events. Its contemporary equivalence, for extreme disasters, demands the deployment of Statistics of Extremes, Gumbel [1]. Civil Engineering research has addressed extreme natural and industrial disasters by employing extreme statistical distributions of Gumbel and Weibull types, respectively. The author demonstrated that the Fr´echet distribution could model manmade extreme disasters. Their combined elects constitute the background of this novel endeavor. Interestingly, it has been mathematically established that only three kinds of extreme distributions (Gumbel, Fr´echet and Weibull (also called the Type-I, II and III, respectively)) are possible. Furthermore, from civil engineering application viewpoints, these distributions do not depend upon the parent distributions of events. Due to the overwhelming needs to mitigating extreme events, Security Engineering tools, both software and hardware, have increasingly becoming an active...

  Mini Review This review focuses on the numerical nonlinear analysis of blast pressure wave propagation on CFRP reinforced buildings. The frequency and severity of missile attacks and terrorist operations have led to the need for building strengthened structures against these dangers. The implementing of extreme and immediate explosive energy imposed to buildings needs special requirements. Also, the CFRP reinforced structures shows their ability in facing to various types of dynamic loads such as earthquakes, winds and waves. Their ability to respond to such intense loads is evaluated in this research. Explosion is a very fast release of energy in the form of light, heat, sound and shock wave. The shock wave consists of a very dense air that moves quickly from the center of explosion outward with ultrasonic velocity. By the expansion of the shock wave, the value of pressure decreases rapidly (proportional to distance, the third factor) and reflects after reaching a rigid surface,...

  Introduction The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) is by far the largest public client of transport infrastructure in Sweden. In addition to the responsibility of planning, construction, and operation and maintenance of public roads and railways, the STA has also been commissioned by the Swedish government to be responsible for the overarching and long-term planning of the infrastructure sector development, including promoting innovation and productivity development. This broad mission comprises major challenges, not least in the planning and execution of large infrastructure projects where a variety of different actors and technical systems are to be coordinated and deliver a sustainable project result. In this article, we discuss that these challenges require project participants to use their creative ability for both proactive and reactive development work to be able to deliver satisfactory project outcome. Further, we argue that these two types of development work can ei...

  Abstract Compaction parameters determination in the laboratory require considerable time and effort that can be saved by using empirical correlations at the early stages. This paper introduces some efforts to predict the compaction properties of soils using the index test results. Apart from the experimental result, the result from other literature have also been considered in the analysis here. Different statistical investigation such as histogram, ACF, PACF, kernel function, correlogram and cross correlogram are used to find the relationship of liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index with optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Regression analyses are done with support vector machine algorithm. The best R squared value found from the predicted equation is 0.86 for optimum moisture content and 0.91 for maximum dry density. Keywords:  Prediction; Optimum moisture content; Maximum dry density; Compaction parameters; Support vector regression Read More about...

   Iris Publishers - Scholarly Open Access Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Green Construction Materials and the Circular Economy Abstract This opinion article concerns the minimization of the environmental impacts of the cement and concrete industries. The article identifies the processing of carbon dioxide that results from cement production and the incorporation of construction and demolition waste on concrete as key objectives for environmental sustainability, discusses concepts related to both objectives, and presents the mission of c5Lab - Sustainable Construction Materials Association, a consortium that intends to contribute to the greening of the cement and concrete industries. Keywords: Sustainability; cement; concrete; carbon dioxide; construction and demolition waste; circular economy Introduction Reinforced Concrete stands as the main Structural material for large buildings and many other Civil Engineering works, with many emblematic structures, from the...

  Iris Publishers - Peer  Review Journals of Civil and Structural Engineering Temperature Field in a Material Containing Asphalt-Resin-Paraffin Substances in a Microwave Electromagnetic Field Abstract The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop technological and technical solutions of protecting from paraffin and gas hydrate plugs within the pipelines formed under particular thermohydrodynamic conditions. In this regard, this article is aimed at disclosing the features of heating and melting of such plugs using a super-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation source moving within the pipeline. A theoretical study of temperature change within the “pipeline – plug – environment” system, which allows us to fully consider its interaction with the electromagnetic radiation, is the leading method for studying this problem. A mathematical model has been presented and a theoretical study of the plug electromagnetic heating process for heat exchange on the pipe outer surfa...

   Iris Publishers - Open Access Journal of Civil Engineering Approach to Increasing the Carrying Capacity of the Pile Base The problem of increasing a foundation bearing capacity is always an urgent problem in geotechnical construction. With increased loads on the base, the use of traditional technologies is not always justified. It is necessary to use non-traditional bases strengthening methods. Most often, the situation is aggravated by the presence of weak underlying layers with unstable physical and mechanical characteristics in the engineering-geological sections. When reinforcing such bases with the help of traditional piles, they can get negative friction, reducing their bearing capacity by the ground. This article presents a developed algorithm for the construction of combined soil-concrete bored piles with simultaneous fixing of weak engineering and geological elements. At the same time, in areas with weak layers along the length of the piles, the developed geotechni...