Iris Publishers-Open Access Journals of Civil Engineering

Iris Publishers-Open Access Journals of Civil Engineering


Controlled Blasting in Mines & Quarries- A Paradigm

In blasting, explosive is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure. If used properly, explosive can be a useful tool, benefited for mankind. However, it can also cause disastrous effects and huge destructions to human lives and surrounding environments. One of the most useful ways of explosive usage is for rock breakage. Since after the invention of black powder, explosives are extensively used for breaking of rocks. In mining and civil engineering construction projects, till this date, blasting with commercial explosives is the cheapest and easiest method of rock breakage throughout the world. However, there are various safety issues related to rock breakage using explosives. The most common safety concerns and undesirable side-effects in case of rock breakage by blasting are ground vibrations, fly rock, noise, air and dust pollutions. Vibration, noise and fly-rock problems create great socio-economic problems for the mine management as well as for the people residing in the vicinity of the mine. Such hazardous circumstances can efficiently be handled through preoccupational planning and their subsequent implementation in order to enhance efficiency, economy and environmental safety. Modern opencast mines are in general larger and deeper than the earlier operations, giving rise to a higher percentage of overburden requiring greater blasting in the area. Solutions to these problems call for in-depth understanding of the basic parameters involved in the process of blasting, to ascertain the basic features of generation, propagation and prediction of ground movements. In underground coal mines, the possibility of methane and coal dust explosions are another safety problem to be considered. Based on the degree of gassiness, several guidelines and standards have been framed by the Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS), India for solid blasting using permitted explosives. Another important application of blasting in underground coal mines is hard roof management in the depillaring panels. Induced caving of the overhanging roof-rock, blasting has been practiced in many mines which encountered hard and difficult roof to cave. By conducting induced caving by blasting, the occurrence of air blast in underground depillaring panels can be avoided. Caving of roof can also be controlled for safer extraction of coal.



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