The Revival of Old Hydraulic Turbines for Innovative Hydropower Generation: Water Wheels, Archimedes Screws, Deriaz and Girard Turbines

 

Abstract

Hydropower is the most developed renewable energy technology. It has evolved over hundreds of years, with the highest growth in the Twentieth century. Some technologies are continuously improving, while others have been forgotten. Four emerging hydropower turbines developed in the past, but forgotten in the last century, are here presented: water wheels, Archimedes screws, Deriaz, and Girard turbines. Their revival is related to the new needs that hydropower must face. The Updraft free-exit-flow turbine, not yet a commercial product, is also described.


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